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摘 要
磁粉检测作为一种常用的对铁磁性材料工件表面和近表面进行无损检测的手段，近年来得到广泛的应用。
铁磁性材料工件被磁化后，由于不连续性的存在，使工件表面和近表面的磁力线发生局部畸变 而产生漏磁场，吸附施加在工件表面的磁场，在合适的光照下形成目视可见的磁痕，从而显示出不连续性的位置、大小、形状和严重程度。这就是磁粉检测的基本原理。
由磁粉检测的基本原理可以看出检测过程中对工件进行充退磁的磁化电源对整个检测质量来说非常重要，对工件的磁化分为周向磁化和纵向磁化，周向磁化一般需要交流磁化电流，而纵向磁化需要直流磁化电流通过线圈的电磁感应对工件充磁。但不管是周向磁化的交流磁化电流还是纵向磁化的直流磁化电流，磁化电流都不能直接由工业电网提供。本次设计主要对周向磁化调压电路进行设计，周向磁化的磁化电源一般为低电压大电流的交流电源，需要对工业交流电进行调制来满足磁化需要，对电压电流的调制离不开电力电子技术，这就是本次设计的理论基础。
本文正是基于移相控制的可控硅交流调压技术对磁粉检测的充退磁电源控制进行了详细论述并设计出调压控制电路。通过调节触发电路的触发脉冲的相位来控制晶闸管的通断，从而控制输出得到可人工调整的电压，再经过降压变压器得到可用于磁化的低压大电流磁化电源，它主要由可控硅调压主电路、触发电路等组成，是一种具有广阔应用前景的交流调压控制器。
本文简要回顾了电力电子学和交流调压的发展过程，着重分析了交流移相式调压的理论，设计了调压的主电路以及触发电路。并对设计出的电路系统设定参数进行仿真和实验，得出了一系列的波形，并进行了分析。结果证明本方案是有效可行的。
关键词: 磁粉检测 可控硅调压 触发电路 电力电子 移相控制 Matlab仿真
Abstract
Magnetic Particle Testing as a commonly means which used magnetic materials to the iron surface and near-surface non-destructive testing, has a wide range of applications in recent years.
Magnetic materials are magnetized iron work pieces, due to the existence of discontinuities, so that surface and near-surface occurrence of the magnetic lines of local magnetic field distortion resulting from leakage, adsorption to exert the magnetic field in the work piece surface in appropriate visual form can be seen under the light of the magnetic marks, which do not show the continuity of the location, size, shape and extent of the problem. This is the basic principle of magnetic particle testing.
From the basic principles of magnetic particle testing can be seen testing the process of filling of the work piece to the magnetization demagnetization detection of power quality on the whole is very important to the magnetization of the work piece is divided into weeks to the magnetization and longitudinal magnetization, magnetization usually takes weeks to the exchange of magnetization current , and the need for longitudinal magnetization DC current through the electromagnetic induction coil to the work piece Magnetizing. However, whether the exchange of magnetization to the magnetization current or the DC magnetization longitudinal magnetization current, magnetization current can not be directly provided by the Industrial Power.
The design of the main regulator of the week to the magnetic circuit design, to the magnetization of the magnetization-week supply is generally of low-voltage high-current AC power, the need for industrial AC magnetization modulation to meet the needs of the modulation of the voltage and current can not be separated from power electronic technology, which is the theoretical basis for design.
This article is based on thyristor-controlled phase-shifting technology for the exchange regulator's magnetic particle testing rechargeable power control demagnetization discussed in detail and design a voltage control circuit. Trigger circuit by adjusting the phase of the trigger pulse to control the on-off thyristor, which can be manually controlled to adjust the output voltage, and then, after step-down transformer can be used to obtain the magnetization of the magnetic low-voltage high-current power supply, mainly by the SCR the main voltage regulator circuit, trigger circuit, such as composition, is a broad application prospect of the exchange regulator controller.
In this paper, a brief review of power electronics and AC voltage regulation of the development process, focusing on an analysis of phase-shifting exchange regulator theory, and design the main circuit voltage regulator and trigger circuit. Circuit and system design parameters set simulation and experiment, to draw a series of waveform, and analyzed. The results prove that the program is feasible and effective. Circuit and system design parameters set simulation and experiment, to draw a series of waveform, and analyzed. The results prove that the program is feasible and effective.
[Key words] Magnetic Particle Testing Thyristor regulator Trigger circuit Power Electronics Phase-shift control Matlab simulation