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摘要
本文介绍了国内立体车库的发展现状，以及存在问题，同时介绍了可编程控制器的工作原理，选型依据。设计了一种基于PLC的横移式立体车库，详细介绍了所选用的西门子S7-200 PLC以及同类型的S7-300 S7-400PLC，根据设计要求对PLC的输入输出I/O进行了分配，并且编写系统运行的梯形图。该系统中PLC主要完成对托盘、托板位置及运行状态的检测和存取车的操作。用各种光电开关、行程开关检测位置状态,用接触器、继电器执行对拖动电机的起停控制。 对车位的操作就是控制横移小电机和升降大电机,使它们在不同时间实现正反转。而且上层升降动作和以下各层的横移动作必须是互锁的,即当上层泊位在升降时,下面各层泊位不能移动,反之亦然。并且上层泊位每次只能有一个泊位进行上下升降运动。为了保证存取车可靠安全,系统要精确定位。行程开关的设置保证了托板能平移到预定位置以及托盘能上升或下降到准确位置,但同时,行程开关逻辑要严格互锁。例如1、2水平限位开关在静态情况下只能有一个是断开的,如果2个以上开关闭合即表示托板不到位。在车库静止时, 2、3层所有挂钩信号均应断开(负逻辑),2层上限位开关断开,3层上限位开关闭合。
关键词：立体车库，PLC，横移式
Abstract
This article introduced the domestic three-dimensional garage's development present situation, as well as the existence question, simultaneously introduced the programmable controller's principle of work, the shaping basis. Designed one kind to move to the type three-dimensional garage horizontally based on PLC, introduced in detail selected Simens S7-200 PLC as well as same type's S7-300 S7-400PLC, output I/O according to the design requirements to the PLC input to carry on the assignment, and compiled the systems operation the trapezoidal chart. In this system PLC mainly completes to the tray, the carrier position and the running status examination and deposits and withdraws vehicle's operation. With each kind of electro-optical switch, the limit switch examine the position condition, with the contact device, the relay execution to drives the electrical machinery to stop the control. Is the control moves to the small electrical machinery horizontally to berth's operation and rises and falls the big electrical machinery, causes them to realize the pro and con extension in the different time. Moreover the upper formation fluctuation movement and below each level moves to the movement to horizontally be the interlock, namely works as upper formation berth when fluctuation, below each berth cannot move, vice versa. And the upper formation berth each time can only have a berth to carry on the high and low vibratory movement. In order to guarantee that deposits and withdraws the vehicle reliable security, the system wants the pinpointing. Limit switch's establishment had guaranteed the carrier can translate to the pre-calculated position as well as the tray can rise or drop to the accurate position, but simultaneously, limit switch logic wants the strict interlock. For example 1, 2 horizontal limit switch can only have one in the static situation is the separation, if 2 above switches closed namely expressed that the carrier does not arrive. When garage static, 2, 3 all suspension hook signals should separate (negative logic), 2 on limit switch separation, 3 on limit switches close.
key word: The three-dimensional garage, PLC, moves to type horizontally